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My friend is an instructor and has said that the benchmark they usually use is if the kid can stand up, stable, on their own.
And apparently using a leash or carrying them around between your legs teaches them all sorts of awful, awful ski habits that are very hard to 'teach out' so might be best to send them straight to lessons, at least until they can make a wedge.
Depends on the learning slope - combine a 2yo's weight + tiny skis + a near-flat slope and they can't really go faster than an adult's walking speed, but it teaches them the basics of standing on skis, balance, even very basic stopping and turning.
Using a leash teaches them to rely on that, they end up skiing extremely backseat. If anything they don't learn to fall properly, which is pretty fundamental when you're learning to ski.