Welcome to the Newschoolers forums! You may read the forums as a guest, however you must be a registered member to post. Register to become a member today!
If anyone wants to help im looking for:
Chronological timeline of the prisom reform
related movements today
3 key players of the movement and 2 opposers
how effective and realistic were the goals of the movement
and the political process of the reform.
Thanks +K for help
1. Write a very brief essay discussing the history of prisons, from Walnut Street to the New York and Pennsylvania systems.
Walnut Street was the first style of prison system that looked at solitary confinement to bring order to the United States preexisting prison system. In Pennsylvania, spear headed by William Penn, was the start of prison reform and created a structure that we see today.
In 1790 pressure from the Quakers wanted change for the prison system. The final result was a section of wing from the Philadelphia’s Walnut Street jail to house convicted felons. They were placed in isolation and lost the right to work. The separate quarters were called penitentiary house. Since the reform of prison, crime decreased from 131 convictions in 1789 to 45 in 1793.
There were several problems that resulted from the isolation. It effected the psychological side of inmates which eventually lead to allowing inmates to have piecework to work on up to eight hours a day in their cells. Even with the negative side, similar institutions were created in New York and New Jersey.
At the turn of the 19th century, Pennsylvania and New York Prison systems were having increasing numbers in convicted criminals and had problems with over crowding. At first to deal with the increase, more pardons were handed out which in turn relaxed prison discipline. In 1815 New York built a prison in Auburn. They developed three classes of prisoners. The first was kept in solitary confinement all day, the second was allowed labor and some recreation, and the last group was the largest class and they worked together during the day and were only kept apart at night.
The crime prevention at Auburn was through fear of punishment and silent confinement. By 1823 the practice of solitude lead to mental breakdowns, suicide, and self-mutilation, which lead to being abolished. The lock ship prison shuffle was developed at Auburn in which convicts would walk in close order and single file. Many prisons use this still today.
Punishment at Auburn was in the form of rawhide whipping on the inmates back. The discipline was so successful that when 100 inmates were used to build another prison and were housed in minimal security, not one tried to escape.
In Pennsylvania, their prions were penitentiaries where prisoners were confined. Their philosophy was that it was a place for inmates to go to do penance and think about their evil crime. Two were built, one in 1818 and another in 1829. The system did not require many guards because the inmates were separate most of the time and could not plan an escape.
Eventually it was New Yorks style prison that spread throughout the country and prevailed. Many features are still used today.
I have a powerpoint i can email to you if you want haha
ya thatd be sick e.pulse6@gmail.com
