Ok so the layers of the earth are talking about the Crust, Mantle, Outer core and Inner core (there are some other variations locally in the crust etc.... read up on it).
Phase is a reference to whether it is in a liquid, solid or gaseous state.
The guy above who wrote about the core being a liquid, but being very dense (solid state)due to immense pressure is correct. The only solid part is the crust. Also remeber about convection processes, and that gases do also occur.... hydrogen sulphide, etc etc .... might also be good to mention subduction zones at plate boundaries, where solid material descents from the crust to the mantle, thus becoming liquid.... usually resulting in Volcanic activity at the surface do to increased pressure....