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well thats the point of color blindness, we do accept that SOME people see one color as something different than others, however this is not the norm.
if everyone had different ideas of what red was, even if they all called it the same word you'd expect that conversations about red things would end up like in the confusion that exists when talking to a person who is red color blind.
here you can visualize the same image from two points of view pretty well -- and map one color to another, and try to figure out how we could effectivly communicate if it was normal for everyone to have a different concept of color.. i think you'd find it'd be impossible.
i think the logic of this follows along the lines of donald davidson's, Pearce and wittgenstien's arguments for meaning and language, read up on them (but i wish you good luck, it's pretty fucking dense)
http://critiquewall.com/2007/12/10/blindness?page=2
let's say 700 nm light is incident on our retinas. that stimulates a graded hyperpolarization of ganglion cells in one of the 10 layers in our retinas. the impulse is relayed through a few structures then synapses in the striate cortex or V1 area in our brains where that signal is perceived as a specific and constant color. color is only a perception. and the real world is much different than what we can actually see.
when we see a rainbow (in the sky or from prism diffraction/dispersion) we see all the visible wavelengths at once. that is constant. the only way two people would see "different" colors is if as a child they were just told the colors have different names. we all see and know what "red" is because that is what someone decided to call that color long ago.
i know what you are wondering about though. what i see as red, you might see as blue. but that is inconsistent with...just about everything related to optical theories.
me and my friends always talk about this, theres really no way to prove that it isnt true