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Thomas P. Crapper (baptised 28 September 1836 - died 27 January 1910) was a plumber who founded Thomas Crapper & Co. Ltd. inLondon. Contrary to widespread misconceptions, Crapper did not invent the toilet. He did, however, do much to increase the popularity of the toilet, and did develop some important related inventions, such as the ballcock. He was noted for the quality of his products and received several Royal Warrants.
The manhole covers with Crapper's company's name on them in Westminster Abbey are now a minor tourist attraction.
A ballcock (also balltap or float valve) is a mechanism for filling water tanks, such as those found in flush toilets, while avoiding overflow. It was invented by Thomas Crapper.[citation needed]
It consists of a valve connected to a hollow sealed float by means of a lever, mounted near the top of the tank. The valve is connected to the incoming water supply, and is opened and closed by the lever which has the float mounted on the end. When the water level has risen to a preset fill line, the float forces the lever to close the valve and shut off the water flow. This is an example of negative feedback and of proportional control.
When a toilet's handle is turned, a flapper valve is pulled upward by means of a rod or chain. It is designed to sink more slowly than the water, which will exit to the toilet bowl below, so that the tank may empty. As the tank water level drops, the float descends and actuates the fill valve. Water is fed to the tank to replenish its supply, and a smaller flow is directed into the overflow tube to refill the bowl.
Once the flapper valve closes, the water flow from the fill valve continues until the tank level again reaches the fill line. Should the float or valve fail and allow the water level to exceed the fill line, the water will pour into the overflow tube and out to the bowl.
These devices are sold at most hardware, plumbing supply, and home improvement stores.
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